秋水仙碱与EMS处理坛紫菜离体细胞的初步观察

报道用不同浓度秋水仙碱与EMS（甲基磺酸乙酯）处理坛紫菜离体细胞,对处理后细胞的存活率、分裂和发育再生情况进行观察的结果。试验表明,秋水仙碱处理可显著抑制高体细胞分裂,促进再生藻体生长假根、增加有根苗比例,延缓再生藻体发育成熟与衰亡：浓度≥5×10-3时对离体细胞产生显著地致死和致再生藻体畸形作用。EMS处理也有一定的促进离体细胞再生苗生长假根作用,对细胞分裂抑制作用不明显,也未观察到明显的致畸变或致突变作用。较高浓度EMS处理（2×10-3处理2小时或4×10-3处理1小时）引起细胞急性中毒和严重死亡。     

紫菜多糖的提取及抗流感病毒活性研究

采用4种方法提取坛紫菜多糖,其中综合法提取率高达16.58%.气相色谱及化学分析表明其单糖主要由半乳糖、3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖、甘露糖和少量木糖组成.可溶性多糖经DEAE-23柱层析进一步纯化,得到蒸馏水洗脱组分———中性多糖和1.0-2.0mol LNaCl梯度洗脱组分———酸性多糖,各占4.12%和95.88%.酸性多糖经硫酸降解和超滤膜分离得到多糖组分F1(350030000),二者比例为4∶1.鸡胚实验表明,紫菜多糖具有抗甲1型流感病毒活性,且F1>F2>中性多糖.     

不同海藻凝集素对鲤免疫活性物的诱导作用

以条斑紫菜（Porphyra yezaensis）和裙带菜（Undaria pinnatifida）的凝集素作为免疫增强剂，来研究它对鲤免疫活性的诱导作用．实验结果表明，投喂和灌喂凝集素后，鲤血清中凝集素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、溶菌酶活性与对照组相比都有提高，其中投喂条斑紫菜凝集素组比投喂对照组依次提高3．0倍、0．8倍、3．9倍、1.0倍；投喂裙带菜凝集素组比投喂对照组依次提高1.0倍、0．4倍、3．0倍、0．7倍，灌喂裙带菜凝集素组比灌喂对照组依次提高3．0倍、0．3倍、1．8倍；灌喂条斑紫菜凝集素组比灌喂对照组依次提高3.0倍、0．7倍．由此可看出：两种凝集素都可以作为一种免疫添加剂激活鲤的免疫系统，对鲤的非特异性免疫功能具有明显的增强作用．其中投喂条斑紫菜的效果更好．     

Exogenous carbon acquisition of photosynthesis in Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) under emersed state

The photosynthetic performances of Porphyra haitanensis thalli were investigated in order to understand its mechanisms for exogenous carbon acquisition during emersion at low tide. The emersed photosynthesis was studied by altering the pH value in the water film on the thalli surface, treating them with carbonic anhydarase inhibitors (acetazolamide and 6-ethoxyzolamide), adjusting the CO2 concentrations in the air, and comparing the theoretical maximum CO2 supply rates within the adherent water film with the observed photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates. It was found that the principal exogenous inorganic carbon source for the photosynthesis of P. haitanensis during emersion was atmospheric CO2. The driving force of CO2 flux across the water film was the CO2 concentration gradient within it. Carbonic anhydrase accelerated both extracellular and intracellular CO2 transport. The emersed photosynthesis of P. haitanensis was limited by the present atmospheric CO2 level, and would be enhanced by atmospheric CO2 rise that would trigger global warming.     

铅污染对条斑紫菜的毒害影响

研究分析了不同浓度Pb2+对条斑紫菜植物体叶绿素a含量,POD、SOD活性,MDA含量,总抗氧化能力以及可溶性蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,随着Pb2+浓度的增加,叶绿素a含量,POD、SOD活性,MDA的含量,总抗氧化能力,可溶性蛋白质及均呈先升后降趋势.条斑紫菜对Pb2+具有较高的耐性.     

超声波在酶法生产紫菜降血压肽过程中的应用

为从紫菜蛋白中制备降血压肽，采用8种商业蛋白酶进行筛选，确定了以中性蛋白酶作为水解用酶和相应的酶解条件．研究了超声波处理紫菜蛋白后对酶解过程的影响，超声波处理后紫菜蛋白水溶液中游离氨基酸、酸溶性肽的质量浓度未变化，紫菜蛋白的紫外可见差示光谱也未出现变化；超声波处理的紫菜蛋白经酶解的产物，与未超声处理紫菜蛋白在同样条件酶解的产物相比，水解度增加1．1倍，IC50值降低29．5％．结果表明，超声处理没有破坏紫菜蛋白的分子结构，可能使它的分子空间构象发生变化，更加容易与酶分子结合，促进了酶解的进程．     

条斑紫菜精子囊细胞色素含量及光合活性的研究

以条斑紫菜叶状体为材料,对精子囊细胞分化过程中光合活性、色素含量的变化进行研究并与营养细胞进行比较分析.结果表明:营养细胞在色素含量以及光合活性方面均明显高于精子囊细胞,二者表现出明显的生理生化差异.在脱水及复水过程中,营养细胞和精子囊细胞表现出相似的光响应特征.两种组织在生理生化特征上的差异和相似点表明紫菜精子囊细胞在形成过程中始终保留部分营养细胞的功能,反映了紫菜精子囊细胞形成过程中细胞功能分化的原始性.     

坛紫菜耐低氮磷品系选育的研究

在含氮量仅为海区的1/100、含磷量仅为海区的1/15的低氮、磷环境下,对人工选育和建立纯系的坛紫菜褐绿色、红棕色品系3代叶状体(F1、F2、F3)的耐受力情况及生长情况进行研究,发现2个品系的藻体均具有极强的耐低氮、磷能力:1)褐绿色藻体在低氮、磷环境下培养21 d才停止生长,叶片无成熟现象,仅轻微的腐烂和萎缩.3～4 cm长的藻体培养7～9 d时的长度日生长量是对照组的4.73倍,鲜重日增重率是对照组的5.29倍;培养18～21 d时的长度日生长量为(0.86±0.27)cm,鲜重日增重率为(5.32±0.21)%.褐绿色品系F3代的平均长度比对照组长28.7 cm.2)红棕色藻体在相同条件下培养15 d后停止生长,叶片无成熟、腐烂和萎缩,3代叶状体在低氮、磷甚至无氮、磷环境下的耐受力和生长状况均比较稳定且有所提高,遗传性状比较稳定.3～4 cm长的红棕色藻体在低氮、磷环境下培养7～9 d时的长度日生长量是对照组的4 95倍,鲜重日增重率是对照组的3.58倍;培养13～15 d时藻体的长度日生长量为(1.92±0.53)cm,鲜重日增重率为(13.61±0.46)%.F3代的平均长度比对照组长23.16 cm.3)通过选育可以看出褐绿色品系比较耐低氮、磷,该品系可以较好地解决养殖过程中低氮、磷环境对于紫菜养殖所造成的危害,缓解由于养殖密度过大而造成的病害发生和减产、减收现象.     

Excitation energy distribution between two photosystems inPorphyra yezoensis and its significance in photosynthesis evolution

Comparative investigation on energy distribution between two photosystems were carried out in the sporo- phytes and gametophytes of Porphyra yezoensis. By perfor- ming 77 K fluorescence spectra, we suggested that there probably existed a pathway for energy transfer from PSⅡ to PSⅠ to redistribute the absorbed energy in gametophytes, while no such a way or at minor level in sporophytes. Electron transfer inhibitor DCMU blocked the energy transfer from PSⅡ to PSⅠ in gametophytes, but no obvious effects on sporophytes. These indicated that excitation energy distribution between two photosystems in gametophytes was more cooperative than that in sporophytes. These data in ontogenesis reflected the evolution process of photosynthetic organisms and supported the hypothesis of independent evolution of each photosystem.     

An acidic polysaccharide with xylose branches fromPorphyra yezoensis

An acidic polysaccharide (PY3) was isolated from the hot water extract of the red algae Porphyra yezoensis by successive column chromatographies over DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. PY3 with an average molecular weight of 1.8×10⁵ was demonstrated to be composed of galactose (Gal), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AnGal), 6-OSO₃-galactose (6-OSO₃-Gal) and xylose (Xyl) in an approximate molar ratio of 25︰15︰10︰1. In view of Smith degradation and methylation and on the basis of spectral evidence including those of IR, GC, GC-MS, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR, the most probable repeating unit of PY3 could be proposed as [(1→3)β-D-Gal(1→4)α-L-3,6-AnGal]₃-[(1→3)β-D-Gal(1→4)α-L- 6-OSO₃-Gal]₂ with a xylose moiety at the C₆ of one of every twenty-five β-D-Gal residues. To our knowledge, PY3 was shown to be the first porphyran possessing occasional xylose branches.